|
Amenhotep was the High Priest of Amun towards the end of the Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt, serving under Ramesses IX, Ramesses X and Ramesses XI. He was the son of Ramessesnakht, the previous high priest of Amun.〔Morris L. Bierbrier, The Late New Kingdom in Egypt, Warminster (1975), 10-13〕 It is not beyond dispute who succeeded him in office. For a long time it was assumed that he was followed by the High Priest Herihor. However, Karl Jansen-Winkeln has suggested that Amenhotep was instead succeeded by the High Priest Piankh.〔Karl Jansen-Winkeln, ZÄS 119 (1992), 22-37〕〔Karl Jansen-Winkeln, GM 157 (1997), 49-74〕 We know the names of several of his brothers and a sister:〔Morris L. Bierbrier, The Late New Kingdom in Egypt, Warminster (1975), 10-13〕 -his (eldest?) brother, the prophet of Amun Meribast II -his brother, the Chief Steward Usimarenakth II -his sister Aatmeret I -his brother, the Second Prophet of Amun Nesamun I (see below) Unfortunately, there is no hard evidence concerning the identity of his wife (wives?). Recently it has been proposed that he may have been married to Hrere, but at the moment this remains highly speculative.〔Ad Thijs, Nodjmet A, Daughter of Amenhotep, Wife of Piankh and Mother of Herihor, ZÄS 140 (2013), 54-69 〕 ==The "Transgression against the High Priest"== From several references in the Tomb Robbery Papyri (Pap. Mayer A; Pap. B.M. 10383; Pap. B.M. 10052) it can be deduced that, sometime prior to the start of the era known as Whm Mswt, the Viceroy of Kush Pinehesy attacked Thebes and removed the High Priest Amenhotep from office. 〔Morales, A. J., "The Suppression of the High Priest Amenhotep: A Suggestion to the Role of Panhesi", Göttinger Miszellen 181 (2001), 59–75.〕〔Niwinski, A., "Bürgerkrieg, militärischer Staatsstreich und Ausnahmezustand in Ägypten unter Ramses XI. Ein Versuch neuer Interpretation der alten Quellen", in ''Gegengabe Brunner-Traut'', 235–262〕 During the first decades of the 20th century there was much confusion about both the date of what became called "the Suppression" and about the exact role played by Pinehesy. Whereas an early Egyptologist as Wilhelm Spiegelberg assumed that it was Amenhotep himself who rebelled, Sethe showed that Amenhotep was the victim rather than the oppressor. More often than not "the Suppression" was placed in the reign of Ramesses IX or in the early years of Ramesses XI. It is now commonly accepted that the suppression took place only shortly before the Whm Mswt, the era which started in year 19 of Ramesses XI. It has been suggested that this "Renaissance" may have been proclaimed to mark the end of a troublesome period of which the removal from office of Amenhotep was a part.〔Ad Thijs, Reconsidering the End of the Twentieth Dynasty, part II, GM 170 (1999), 98〕 In a very detailed study, Kim Ridealgh has shown that the traditional translation "suppression" of the Egyptian term "''thj''" is misleading, since it suggests that Amenhotep was somehow besieged and/or robbed of his freedom. The term rather denotes a more general act of aggression.〔Kim Ridealgh, SAK 43 (2014), 359-373〕 Therefore, a more neutral translation like "transgression against the High Priest" is to be preferred. It is not known who exactly ended "the transgression". It seems certain, however, that Pinehasy fled south and managed to maintain a powerbase in Nubia at least until year 10 of the Renaissance, when he is mentioned in a letter by the High Priest of Amun Piankh. It is not known for certain whether the High Priest, Amenhotep, survived Pinehasy's violent action. However, Wente published a heavily damaged inscription from Karnak in which a High Priest (name lost, but almost certainly Amenhotep) looks back at a period when he was ousted from office. The text is highly suggestive of Amenhotep having been restored to his former position after an appeal to the king. 〔Edward F. Wente, "The Suppression of the High Priest Amenhotep", Journal of Near Eastern Studies 1966〕 If Amenhotep was succeeded by Herihor, Amenhotep's pontificate must have been over by year 5 of the Renaissance at the very latest, since, on that model, this is the year in which the priest Wenamun set out on his journey to Byblos. Because the Story of Wenamun mentions Herihor as High Priest, by that time Amenhotep must already have been dead. However, it is not certain whether the anonymous "year 5" of the Story of Wenamun actually belongs to the Renaissance. Piankh, the other candidate for the succession, is first securely attested in year 7 of the Whm Mswt.〔Nims, JNES 7 (1948), 157-162〕〔Ad Thijs, SAK 38 (2009), 343-353〕 If the career of Herihor fell before that of Piankh (which is now disputed by Jansen-Winkeln and a growing number of Egyptologists), this would leave very little time for a career of Amenhotep after the transgression. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Amenhotep (High Priest of Amun)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|